Secondary Science - Second Year - Biology1: Nature of Biology - Understand the nature of biology as a science of life
- Identify the unifying ideas in biology
- Explain the different life processes
- Understand biological concepts as applied in technology
- Explain biological concepts in a given technology
- Know the tools used in the development of biology and biotechnology
- Identify the parts and function of the microscope
- Name the special tools used in research and technology
- Describe the contributions of Filipino and foreign scientists in the field of biology and technology
2: Cell Structure and Function - Appreciate the cell as a highly organized structure
- Identify the different parts of the cell
- Differentiate plant cells from animal cells
- Differentiate unicellular organisms from multicellular organisms
- Differentiate prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells
- Understand how discoveries on cellular structures and functions have led to useful technologies
- Explain that the activities of certain cell organelles are used to promote food production and health
- Appreciate cellular exchange of materials with the environment
- Explain osmosis as a type of diffusion
- Distinguish between active and passive transport
3: Life Energy - Understand how organisms obtain energy
- Describe the location and function of chlorophyll pigments
- Explain the requirements of photosynthesis
- Explain light and dark reactions of photosynthesis
- Give scientific explanations behind farming practices
- Understand how organisms produce energy
- Describe the cell part involved in producing energy
- Explain the stages of cellular respiration
- Evaluate the importance of the interdependency of living things for important gases through oxygen-carbon dioxide cycle
4: Organ Systems - Understand the interaction among cells, tissues, organs and systems in maintaining the life of an organism
- Illustrate the coordinated functions of cells, tissues, and organ systems in maintaining the life of plants, animals and human beings
- Recognize the necessity of an organized system for proper growth development and survival of organisms
- Understand the anatomy and physiology of plants
- Describe the parts and functions of the different organ systems in plants
- Explain the requirements of plants for growth
- Understand the anatomy and physiology of humans
- Describe the parts and functions of the different organ systems
- Appreciate the technologies that help defective organ systems function properly
- Identify the technologies that help the specific defective organ functions properly
5: Reproduction - Understand and appreciate the importance of cell division
- Describe the cell cycle
- Differentiate mitosis from meiosis
- Understand patterns of reproduction among organisms
- Differentiate sexual and asexual reproduction of organisms
- Understand the process of human reproduction
- Describe the stages of development of the fertilized embryo and fetus
- Understand the problems and issues related to fertility and population growth
- Analyze some problems on fertility
- Give some implications of rapid population growth
- Demonstrate understanding of the ill effects of human sexually transmitted diseases
- Identify the risks of contamination from various sexually transmitted diseases specially AIDS
6: Genetics - Understand the chromosomal basis of inheritance and the role of DNA as a blue print of life
- Explain the chromosomal basis of inheritance
- Analyze the role of DNA in the transmission of traits
- Understand the fundamental role of chromosomes and genes in hereditary variations
- Discuss the relationship of chromosomes and genes
- Explain the different chromosomal aberrations
- Demonstrate understanding of the Mendelian principles of heredity
- Analyze Mendel's experiment on garden peas illustrating Mendelian principles of inheritance
- Identify traits that follow Mendelian patterns of heredity
- Solve monohybrid crosses given the phenotypes and genotypes of parents
- Understand the Non Mendelian patterns of heredity
- Infer that certain traits do not always follow the Mendelian principles of heredity
- Understand some issues concerning advanced technologies in genetics
- Explain what Genetically Modified Organisms or Food are
- Analyze the effects of genetic engineering
7: Evolution - Understand the theories of evolution
- Explain Darwin's theory of evolution
- Differentiate Lamarck's theory of evolution from Darwin's theory
- Discuss the direct and indirect evidences for evolution
- Distinguish between direct and indirect evidence for evolution
8: Biodiversity - Appreciate the existence of diverse forms of living things
- Describe the distinguishing characteristics of the different groups of organisms
- Evaluate the economic importance of organisms
9: Ecosystem - Understand the similarities and differences of ecosystems
- Differentiate natural from human-made ecosystems
- Understand man's role in maintaining balance in nature
- Analyze the different environmental issues relevant to the community
- Suggest ways of minimizing or preventing ecological problems
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