Secondary Science - Year 4 - Physics1: Energy in Society - Appreciate the importance of energy resources and energy use in development
- Explain the role of energy in the development of human society
- Discuss examples of the interaction among energy, technology and society (e.g. effects of energy in the environment, economic growth and energy demand; energy resources and energy crisis, etc.)
- Infer that the total mass-energy in the universe is constant
Energy and the Environment 2: Optical instruments - Investigate the reflection and refraction properties of light using simple optical devices (e.g. mirror and pinhole camera)
- Compare the similarities and differences of the principle of the camera and the human eye
- Explain the different kinds of eyesight defects and how lenses correct these defects
- Demonstrate total internal reflection, diffraction, interference, and polarization properties of light
- Explain and cite applications of internal reflection, diffraction, interference, and polarization properties
- Setup a simple telescope and microscope
- Explain using ray diagrams how image is formed in a telescope and a microscope
3: Atomic and Nuclear Scientists - Discuss the contributions of Becquerel, Pierre and Marie Curie on radioactivity
- Explain Einstein's matter-energy equivalence
- Recognize the significance of the contributions of scientists in nuclear energy and related technology
4: Atomic structure and nuclear radiation - Discuss and compare the types and properties of ionizing radiation
- Interpret equations on nuclear reactions
- Calculate the mass defect and nuclear binding energy of an atom using the Einstein's matter-energy equivalence
5: Uses of nuclear radiation in society - Explain the effects of these applications on living things and the environment
- Evaluate the risks and benefits derived from the applications of nuclear radiation
- Explain the principle of radiation safety and its importance in society
6: Energy in the Home - Appreciate the contributions of Franklin, Coulomb, Volta, and Ohm in the understanding of electricity
- Discuss the significance of the contributions of Franklin, Coulomb, Volta, Ohm and Filipino inventors/scientists in electrical energy and related technology
- Understand the basic concepts and principles of electricity as used in home circuit connections
- Trace the electrical connections from the meter to the appliances
- Translate circuit diagrams into actual circuits and vice versa
- Measure electric current through a conductor, voltage across it and its resistance
- Determine experimentally interrelationships among current, voltage and its resistance
- Apply Ohm's Law to series and parallel circuits
- Relate power to voltage and current
- Discuss and practice safety measures in dealing with electricity
- Compute electrical energy consumption
- Suggest ways of using electrical energy wisely
Energy and the Economy 7: Energy generation, utilization and management and conservation in economic development - Describe the development of various energy resources in the country
- Evaluate the risks and benefits associated with energy development
8: Oersted, Ampere and Faraday and the electromagnetic theory - Demonstrate Oersted's discovery
- Compare the contributions of Faraday and Oersted to electromagnetic theory
- Discuss the significance of Faraday's contribution to the development of human society
9: Electrical energy generation and transmission, and use - Explain electromagnetic induction
- Discuss how electromagnetic induction is applied to generators and transformers
- Differentiate a step-up from a step-down transformer
- Describe the energy transformation in electrical power plants
- Describe the energy transformation in electrical energy from a power station to the community
- Discuss the working principle of an electric motor
- Differentiate a motor from a generator
- Discuss the transformation of electrical energy to different forms
Energy in Transportation 10: Developments in transportation facilities - Discuss how the steam engine ushered in the Industrial Revolution
11: Force, power, work and energy - Explain the relationship of kinetic energy and potential energy to work and cite applications
- Apply the Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy in different situations
- Discuss the Laws of Thermodynamics as applied to heat engines
12: Force and motion as applied to land and air/sea transport - Apply Newton's Laws of Motion to land transportation
- Explain road safety measures using the Law of Conservation of Momentum
- Explain how the concepts of stress and strain, pressure and the Archimedes Principle apply to air and/or sea transport
Energy in Information and Communication Technology 13: The development of communication technologies - Recognize the contributions of Graham Bell, Maxwell, Hertz and Marconi in the development of telecommunications
- Describe communication in terms of energy transfer and transformations
14: The transformation of energy in a telephone - Compare the transmission of sound through air with its transmission through solids, liquids, and a vacuum
- Discuss the factors that affect the speed of sound
- Explain how sound waves are produced, transmitted and propagated
- Discuss how information is transmitted and received in terms of energy transfers and transformations in a telephone
15: Electromagnetic waves and communication - Explain how electromagnetic waves are produced
- Discuss the different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, their properties and uses
16: Radio communications - Describe how radio signals are generated, transmitted and received
- Explain how radio communication devices (e.g. Cellphones, radio/TV receivers) work
- Discuss how LASER and fiber optics had improved telecommunication
17: Developments in electronics technology - Differentiate between discrete electronic components and integrated circuits
- Understand how logic circuits are used in common electronic devices
- Differentiate between digital and analog methods in sending information
18: The information superhighway - Discuss how the information superhighway has influenced the affairs of daily living
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