Secondary English - First Year

Asking and Gathering Information

1: Asking and Answering Questions

Listening
- Adjust listening strategies (marginal, selective, attentive, critical) in relation to the main purpose of listening, one's familiarity with the topic and level of difficulty of a text describing a process and narrating longer stories.
  - Determine the type of listening suited to a given text.
    - Use TQLR (Tune-In-Question-Listen-Respond) as a strategy to make sense of listening texts
Speaking
- Ask and answer different questions (yes-no, wh-questions, core and follow up) using the basic sentence structures and sound patterns of English.
Reading
- Read closely to find answers to specific questions, note sequence of events, etc.
Writing
- Write summaries in book reports.
Literature
- Point out the author's technique for characterization
- Infer motives, attitudes and values of a character from what he does (action/manner), says and what others say about him.

2: Using Locational Skills in Gathering Information

Listening
- Employ selective strategies to find out answers to questions raised in a listening text
Speaking
- Observe social and linguistic conventions in oral transitional discourse (interview, etc...)
- Interview classmates to get to know them better
Reading
- Get information from the different parts of a book, current information form newspapers and data from general references in the library
  - Use the card catalogue to locate reference materials in the library
  - Use locational skills to derive data from general sources of information: encyclopedia, dictionary
  - Get information from the different parts of a book
Writing
- Fill out forms needed for effective functioning in school
  - library card
  - enrollment/registration forms
  - information sheet
  - application form
Literature
- Appreciate poetry and the essay expressive of the Filipino identity and pride as a nation

3: Skimming and Scanning Information

Listening
- Get information from rapid speech
  - Listen to process speech including pause, errors, corrections
    - Get information from rapid and “”distorted” speech
    - Restate a commentary on a basketball game
Speaking
- Use gambits when offering things to classmates, teachers, etc...
- Respond to offers made (accept, turn down, or negotiate, changes in the offers made)
Reading
- Use different styles to suit the text and one's purpose for reading
- Scan for specific information
- skim rapidly for major ideas using headings as guide
Writing
- Write well-constructed paragraphs utilizing the macro discourse patterns (Psn) Problem Solution or (TRI) Topic-Restriction-Illustration suited to the discourse type
Literature
- Show appreciation of literature specifically Philippines literature as a means of highlighting human rights in varied genres

Using Language Functions

4: Expressing Instructions and Directions

Listening
- Listen closely to determine what to do and what no to do in announcements, instructions or directions given orally.
  - Note down details in instructions or directions given orally
  - Carry out instructions given orally
Speaking
- Give clear commands, requests and directions to get things done
  - Give instructions, prohibitions, warnings
Reading
- Give the meaning of signs and symbols used (e.g. road sign, prohibited signs, etc) and evaluate their effectiveness
- Locate places and follow directions using a map
Writing
- Write announcements of school events
Literature
- Discover Philippine literature as a means of having a better understanding of man and his environment

5: Identifying Functions of Utterances

Listening
- Determine the content and feeling levels of utterance
- Identify the speech event, interlocutors and objective of the speaker
Speaking
- Use English when offering things to classmates and teachers, and identify the functions of utterances taking into account the context of the situation (seeking information, giving directions, expressing approval/disapproval, etc..)
Reading
- Make predictions and anticipate outcomes
- Show recognition of collocations and semantic relationships by arranging words in clines and clusters
Writing
- Effectively express thoughts and feelings in writing correspondence for special purposes
- Write personal letters
  - friendly
  - thank you
  - excuse
  - congratulatory
  - condolence
Literature
- Express appreciation of one's identify and cultural heritage
  - Show appreciation for worthwhile local traditions and practices expressed in Philippine literature and the value they represent.

6: Expanding Idea using Cohesive Devices

Listening
- Point out the (situation-problem-attempted solution-result) discourse patterns in tales.
- Point out the distinctive features of tales, anecdotes, fables, etc.. listened to
- Identify cause-effect relationships in anecdotes and fables
Speaking
- Use communication strategies (e.g. Paraphrase, and translation) to make up for inadequacies in the language
Reading
- Single out cohesive markers that signal relationships
Writing
- Expand ideas in writing using cohesive devices and employing different rhetorical modes
Literature
- Explain the characteristics of fables,legends, myth and folktales

7: Using Locational Skills in Gathering Information

Listening
- Explore opportunities offered for speedy and economical access to information by listening to broadcasts and whether bulletins
  - Distinguish what to do and what not what to do in emergency situations (fire, earthquake, etc..)
Speaking
- Agree/disagree with assertions and observation made in radio broadcasts and when sharing experiences on topics dealing with Science and Mathematics
Reading
- React to assertions made in the text
Writing
- Edit one's composition following guidelines concerning format, content and mechanics
Literature
- Discover Philippine literature as a means of having a better understanding of man and his environment

8: Arriving at a Consensus

Listening
- Listen to issues pertaining to home and the family
  - Listen to class discussions on home and the family
  - Identify the place and person speaking
  - Identify the stand of the speaker based on explicit statements made
Speaking
- Arrive at a consensus by citing proof statements
  - React to information shared in small group discussions
Reading
- Get information from the newspaper
  - Identify the sense and reference of words in reading texts for a better understanding of a selection
Writing
- Acknowledge resources used
  - Use quotation marks to enclose direct quotations from resources
  - Use expressions like “according to..” to indicate citations made
Literature
- Determine the conflicts presented in literature (man vs man, man vs himself, man vs institutions) and the need to resolve those conflicts in a non-violent way

9: Using Appropriate Rhetorical Functions

Listening
- Note the use of intonation to express feelings
- Identify attitudes and feelings signaled by prosodic features (e.g. intonation and stress)
Speaking
- Speak in clear correct English appropriate to situations and adjust rate, volume and choice of register to suit the audience
  - Observe correct pronunciation of critical vowel and consonant sounds
  - Use correct pronunciation, intonation and stress patterns, pausing, and blending
Reading
- Make generalizations and significant abstractions from different reading materials designed for information, pleasure and appreciation
  - Show improvement of one's command of the language as a result of reading
Writing
- Use appropriate rhetorical functions and techniques to express one's ideas, needs, feelings and attitudes
Literature
- Identify and explain poetic devices, use of local color, figurative language and sensory images in literary forms
- Point out and express appreciation for sense image in poems

Outlining Information

10: Information in Non-linear Format

Listening
- Listen to informative texts specifically descriptions of processes
  - Listen to determine steps in a process
  - Transcode descriptions of a process using flowcharts
  - Listen to explanations of specific processes noting cause-effect relationships
Speaking
- Use visual aids (e.g. Graphs, charts, etc) when conveying information on topics dealing with science and mathematics
Reading
- Explain non-linear visuals most commonly used in content texts
  - Transcode orally and in writing the information presented in diagrams, charts, tables, graphs, etc...
  - Transcode information in linear texts into information maps
Writing
- Make a write-up of charts and graphs
Literature
- Distinguish between the language of science and the language of literature

11: Word and Phrase Outlines

Listening
- Make sense of broadcasts and telecasts
  - Listen to get information on current events and issues aired over the radio and television
Speaking
- Give and convey information obtained over the telephone and from radio broadcasts
Reading
- Use background knowledge of schema as basis for conjectures and hypothesis made while reading a text.
  - Recall ideas from previous readings to better understand a given text
Writing
- Use two-word and phrasal outlines to organize ideas.
Literature
- Anticipate events and outcomes from a series of details or acts

Understanding and Appreciation of Literary Types

12: Distinguishing Fact from Opinion / Reality from Fantasy

Listening
- Express appreciation for entertaining texts (anecdotes, jokes, fables, tales in sharing sessions)
  - Listen to simple narratives to develop appreciative listening skills
  - Single out punch lines in jokes
Speaking
- Give information and express needs, opinion, feelings and attitudes in explicit terms
  - Give short talks to entertain
Reading
- Distinguish fact from opinion, fantasy from reality
Writing
- Use key idea sentences, support sentences, transition devices and restatements in texts.
Literature
- State whether a literary piece affirms, modifies or changes one's value system

13: Making Predictions and Hypotheses

Listening
- Listen closely to instructions and cautions pointed out
- Listen for specific details and warnings in weather bulletins
Speaking
- Ask and give directions and instructions on specific processes
Reading
- Conduct a covert dialogue with the writer as a basis for predictions and formulating hypothesis about a text
  - Interact with the writer by responding to statements made in the text and using this as basis for predictions and formulating hypothesis
  - Formulate and modify hypothesis based on information given in the text
Writing
- Present information in graphic and non-linear texts
  - Take down notes utilizing information maps
    - linear and cyclical flowcharts,
    - two-level tree diagrams
    - three columnar grids
Literature
- Distinguish between the language of science and the language of literature

14: Identifying Elements of Literature

Listening
- Listen to narratives
  - Infer links and connections between ideas
  - Determine the information map suited to the types of narrative listened to
Speaking
- Give information and express needs, opinions, feelings and attitudes in explicit terms
Reading
- Use illustrations to activate background knowledge and to get a pictorial representation of what is discussed in the text
- Determine the concept or information map embedded in the text.
Writing
- Make diary entries of significant events
Literature
- Identify the elements of a literary form which distinguishes it form other literary forms: short story, poem, essay, drama/play
- Single out events that form the plot of a short story